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Nutrition Science Hub · Magnesium & Vitamin D

Magnesium and vitamin D:
why one needs the other.

Vitamin D gets most of the attention, but it cannot do its job alone. The body has to switch vitamin D on before it can use it, and the enzymes that do the switching need magnesium. Here is how magnesium and vitamin D work together, what the trials found, why it matters in India, and the best time to take magnesium and vitamin D.

This guide is for education. If you have bone pain, muscle weakness, cramps or kidney disease, or you take prescribed vitamin D, see your doctor and get tested before you change your supplements.

By Evo Hominus™Updated 13 min read
See the short answerTry the Nutrient Gap Finder
Allof the enzymes that process vitamin D seem to need magnesium, a 2018 review found
70–100%of people tested were low in vitamin D across Indian studies
180adults in a 12-week trial where magnesium glycinate helped balance vitamin D levels
+6.3ng/mL rise in vitamin D with magnesium glycinate plus D3, the largest of three groups in a 12-week trial

Magnesium and vitamin D: the short answer

The Short Answer

Does vitamin D need magnesium?

Yes. Vitamin D from sunlight or a supplement is inactive until the liver and kidneys convert it, and the enzymes that do this appear to need magnesium. In a 12-week trial, magnesium glycinate raised vitamin D in people whose levels were low. So if you take vitamin D, getting enough magnesium helps your body use it.

Think of vitamin D as a key that has to be cut before it opens anything. Your skin makes vitamin D, or you swallow it, but in that form it does nothing. All of the enzymes that process vitamin D seem to require magnesium, according to a 2018 review of magnesium and vitamin D.1 Magnesium and vitamin D are a team: one makes the other useful.

That matters in India, where studies find 70 to 100% of people tested are low in vitamin D,2 and where many people now take vitamin D on a doctor’s advice. Two trials that gave magnesium glycinate, the same form in our first product, found it helped vitamin D levels.3,4

How vitamin D gets switched on, and where magnesium fits

The Short Answer

Why does vitamin D need magnesium?

Because vitamin D must be activated in two steps, first in the liver and then in the kidneys, and the enzymes for both steps appear to need magnesium. Magnesium also helps vitamin D travel in the blood on its carrier protein. With too little magnesium, vitamin D you make or take may be used less well.

Vitamin D passes through four stages, from travelling in the blood to being switched off when there is extra. Magnesium shows up at each one:1,5

The vitamin D journey, and magnesium’s part in it
StageWhat happensMagnesium’s role
1. TravelVitamin D from skin or food rides in the blood on a carrier, vitamin D-binding proteinNeeded for vitamin D to bind its carrier
2. LiverTurned into 25-hydroxyvitamin D, the form a blood test measuresHelper (cofactor) for the converting enzymes
3. KidneysTurned into calcitriol, the active hormone that helps you absorb calciumHelper for the activating enzyme
4. BalanceExtra vitamin D is broken down so levels don’t climb too highThe breakdown enzyme is magnesium-dependent too

Magnesium is also needed for the vitamin D receptor, the “lock” inside cells that active vitamin D fits into.5 So magnesium helps at the start, the middle and the end of vitamin D’s work.

Vitamin D and magnesium: a two-way team

The Short Answer

Does vitamin D help magnesium too?

Yes. Once activated, vitamin D can increase how much magnesium your gut absorbs. Both nutrients also work on the same jobs: magnesium and vitamin D each contribute to the maintenance of normal bones and normal muscle function. Each one supports the other, which is why low levels of one can hold the other back.

The relationship runs both ways. A 2021 review notes that activated vitamin D in turn can increase the intestinal absorption of magnesium.5 And the jobs overlap. In the European Union’s list of approved health claims:6

  • Vitamin D contributes to normal absorption and use of calcium and phosphorus, normal blood calcium levels, the maintenance of normal bones and muscle function, and normal immune function.
  • Magnesium contributes to the maintenance of normal bones and teeth, normal muscle function, normal energy-yielding metabolism and the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.

There is a third player: calcium. When magnesium is very low, the parathyroid glands, which manage blood calcium, can stop releasing their hormone. Calcium then falls, and in some people it does not respond to vitamin D until magnesium is restored.7,8 This is a medical situation that needs a doctor, but it shows how closely the three nutrients are tied.

What vitamin D does for magnesium

  • Once activated, helps the gut absorb magnesium from food
  • Works with magnesium on normal bones and muscle function

What magnesium does for vitamin D

  • Helps vitamin D travel on its carrier protein
  • Helps the liver and kidney enzymes activate it
  • Helps break down extra so levels stay balanced

What the trials found when people took magnesium

The Short Answer

Does magnesium raise vitamin D levels?

In people whose vitamin D is low, trials suggest it can. In a US trial of 180 adults, magnesium glycinate raised vitamin D in those starting near 30 ng/mL. In another, magnesium glycinate with vitamin D3 gave the largest rise of three groups. In people whose levels were already higher, magnesium nudged them down instead, towards a middle range.

Key studies on magnesium and vitamin D
StudyWho and whatWhat it found
US trial, 2018180 adults aged 40–85; magnesium glycinate or placebo for 12 weeks, dose matched to each person’s diet; no vitamin D givenVitamin D rose in people starting near 30 ng/mL and fell in those starting higher; magnesium helped bring levels to the middle3
US trial, 202295 overweight adults; magnesium glycinate plus vitamin D3, vitamin D3 alone, or placebo for 12 weeksThe magnesium glycinate plus D3 group had the largest rise in vitamin D, about 6.3 ng/mL4
Spanish trial, 2020Women after menopause, most low in vitamin D; 500 mg magnesium a day or placebo for 8 weeksTotal vitamin D levels were higher with magnesium than with placebo9
US survey, 201312,257 adults; magnesium intake compared with vitamin D levelsHigher magnesium intake went with a lower risk of low vitamin D, and magnesium and vitamin D intakes worked together10

The most interesting finding is the balancing act. In the 2018 trial, magnesium did not simply push vitamin D up. It raised vitamin D when it was low and lowered it when it was high, which is why the researchers concluded that good magnesium status may be important for optimising vitamin D status.3 That fits the biology: magnesium helps both the enzymes that build vitamin D up and the one that breaks extra down.

A point in favour of the form we chose: both US trials used magnesium glycinate. The 2018 trial picked glycinate specifically because it avoids a laxative side effect,3 and the 2022 trial paired magnesium glycinate with vitamin D3 to get its result.4 Magnesium glycinate is the form in Magnesium Glycinate by Evo Hominus™.

Why magnesium and vitamin D matter so much in India

The Short Answer

Why do Indians need to think about magnesium and vitamin D together?

Because low vitamin D is common in India even with plenty of sun, and many people now take vitamin D supplements. Indian diets based on refined grains and polished rice can also run short of magnesium. Getting both to daily needs, 440 mg of magnesium for men or 370 mg for women, and 600 IU of vitamin D, keeps the team working.

A review of Indian studies found 70 to 100% of people tested were low in vitamin D, in cities and villages and in the north and the south.2 Office life adds to it: across 71 studies, 78% of indoor workers were low in vitamin D, against 48% of outdoor workers.11

India’s ICMR-NIN 2020 daily needs are 600 IU (15 mcg) of vitamin D for adults, and 440 mg of magnesium for men and 370 mg for women.12 India has no recent national survey of magnesium intake, but polished rice, refined flour and processed food all carry less magnesium than whole grains, millets, dals and nuts. Read how much magnesium per day and our vitamin D deficiency guide.

Should I take magnesium with vitamin D?

The Short Answer

Should I take magnesium with vitamin D?

It makes sense to make sure you get enough magnesium whenever you take vitamin D, because magnesium helps your body activate and balance it. You don’t have to swallow them at the same moment. Take vitamin D with your main meal, which has some fat, and magnesium glycinate in the evening.

Should I take magnesium with vitamin D? For most adults, yes: aim to meet your magnesium need from food and, if you fall short, a supplement. The two do not compete for absorption, so they can be taken together, but each has its own sweet spot.

The Short Answer

What is the best time to take magnesium and vitamin D?

Take vitamin D with your main meal, because it is fat-soluble and absorbs better with food that has some fat. Magnesium glycinate fits the evening. Many people take both at dinner, then the rest of their magnesium before bed. Consistency matters more than the exact hour.

So the best time to take magnesium and vitamin D is simple: vitamin D with your biggest meal, since dietary fat helps its absorption,13 and magnesium glycinate in the evening. Read the best time to take magnesium glycinate.

A simple daily routine
NutrientWhenWhy
Vitamin D3With your main meal (lunch or dinner)Fat-soluble; absorbs better with food that has some fat
Magnesium glycinateEvening, with dinner or before bedGentle on the stomach; fits a wind-down routine
Vitamin K2 (if you take it)With vitamin D, at a mealAlso fat-soluble; works with vitamin D on calcium

Vitamin K2 is the third member of the bone team. Read our vitamin D3 and K2 guide and bone and joint aches.

Signs your body may need magnesium

The Short Answer

What are the 7 signs your body needs magnesium?

Seven signs linked to low magnesium are loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting, tiredness, weakness, numbness or tingling, muscle cramps or twitching, and an irregular heartbeat. The first five tend to come early. None of them is specific to magnesium, so see a doctor if they last or get worse.

The US National Institutes of Health lists loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, tiredness and weakness as early signs of low magnesium, and numbness, tingling, muscle cramps, seizures and abnormal heart rhythms as signs that it is getting worse.14 Because these signs overlap with low vitamin D, low B12 and many other causes, they are a reason to get checked, not to self-diagnose.

The Short Answer

How do I tell if I have magnesium deficiency?

Talk to your doctor. The usual test is serum magnesium, but blood holds under 1% of your body’s magnesium, so a normal result can miss a shortfall. Doctors look at symptoms, diet and medicines such as acid reducers and water pills, and may add urine or red-cell tests.

No single test is considered fully reliable for magnesium,14 which is why your diet matters so much. If you eat few seeds, nuts, millets and dals, you are more likely to fall short of India’s 440 mg (men) or 370 mg (women) a day. Read our magnesium deficiency guide.

Food first: where to get magnesium and vitamin D

The Short Answer

Which foods give magnesium and vitamin D?

Magnesium comes from seeds, nuts, millets such as ragi, whole grains, dals and leafy greens. Vitamin D comes mostly from sunlight on bare skin, with smaller amounts from oily fish, egg yolk, fortified milk or oil, and mushrooms left in the sun. Few foods give much of both, so most people build them separately.

  • Magnesium: pumpkin and other seeds, almonds and cashews, ragi, bajra and jowar, whole wheat, rajma, chana and other dals, and green leafy vegetables. See our magnesium-rich Indian foods chart.
  • Vitamin D: midday sun on bare arms and legs, oily fish such as rawas, bangda and mathi, egg yolks, fortified milk and edible oil, and mushrooms left gill-side up in the sun.

Food rarely closes a vitamin D gap on its own, and many Indian diets fall short on magnesium, so a supplement is often the practical way to reach both daily needs.

Who should be careful

The Short Answer

Is it safe to take magnesium and vitamin D every day?

For most healthy adults, yes, at doses close to daily needs. People with kidney disease should take magnesium only with their doctor’s advice. Keep vitamin D to 4,000 IU a day or less unless your doctor prescribes more, and follow the course you are given for high-dose sachets such as 60,000 IU.

Check with your doctor if

You have kidney disease, take a high-dose vitamin D prescription, have bone pain, muscle weakness or twitching, take heart medicines such as verapamil (vitamin D raises blood calcium, which may affect them),15 or take thyroid medicine, certain antibiotics, bisphosphonates or gabapentin. These last four need spacing from magnesium; see magnesium and medicines.

The US safe upper level for vitamin D is 4,000 IU (100 mcg) a day for adults, unless a doctor prescribes more,13 and very high blood levels can be harmful. A standard blood test also misses much of the picture for magnesium: serum holds under 1% of the body’s magnesium, so a normal result does not always mean full stores.16

How to get magnesium and vitamin D right

The Short Answer

How do I get magnesium and vitamin D working together?

Test your vitamin D if you can, meet your magnesium need through food and a glycinate supplement if you fall short, take vitamin D3 with your main meal and magnesium in the evening, get some midday sun, and retest vitamin D after about three months on your doctor’s advice.

  1. Get a vitamin D testAsk your doctor for a 25-hydroxyvitamin D test, especially if you work indoors, have aches or feel tired a lot.
  2. Meet your magnesium needAim for 440 mg a day (men) or 370 mg (women) from seeds, nuts, millets, dals and greens.
  3. Fill the magnesium gap with glycinateIf your diet falls short, choose a non-buffered magnesium glycinate that lists the elemental magnesium per serving.
  4. Take vitamin D3 with your main mealFood with some fat helps absorption. Follow your doctor’s dose if you have been prescribed vitamin D.
  5. Take magnesium in the eveningWith dinner or before bed, and space it from medicines that need a gap.
  6. Retest and adjustRecheck vitamin D after about three months, as your doctor advises, and adjust the dose from there.
How Evo Hominus™ helps

The magnesium in the trials, at India’s full daily need.

Vitamin D needs magnesium to do its work. Our first product gives you that magnesium in the form both US magnesium and vitamin D trials used: magnesium glycinate.

Magnesium Glycinate by Evo Hominus™

Launching first. 100% non-buffered, fully reacted magnesium bisglycinate: 440 mg of magnesium, India’s full daily need for men, from 3,667 mg of bisglycinate, with about 2.7 g of glycine and zero oxide. Magnesium contributes to the maintenance of normal bones, normal muscle function and the reduction of tiredness and fatigue. Three tablets a day (two for women), best taken in the evening.

See Magnesium Glycinate →

Bioactive Multivitamin

Coming soon. Our daily multivitamin is in development. Join the waitlist to hear first when it launches.

Join the waitlist →

Element 5

Coming soon. A stress and recovery formula is in development.

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Nutrient Gap Finder

Answer a few quick questions about your food, routine and symptoms to see which nutrients you may be running low on, and which tests to ask your doctor about.

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Claims are ingredient-based and not specific to any product. Details of each study are in “About the studies” just below.

About the studies
  • The 2018 US trial gave magnesium glycinate with no vitamin D, in doses tailored to each person’s calcium and magnesium intake; it was run within a larger bowel cancer prevention trial.3
  • The 2022 trial was in 95 overweight or obese adults and gave 360 mg of magnesium glycinate with 1,000 IU of vitamin D3 a day; parathyroid hormone and inflammation markers did not change.4
  • The Spanish trial gave 500 mg of magnesium a day (more than our 440 mg) to 52 women who completed it, out of 82 who started; the separate D3 and D2 changes were not significant on their own, and levels stayed under target.9
  • The 2013 survey shows an association, not cause and effect. A 2025 German study of 2,286 heart patients found only a small, inconsistent link between blood magnesium and vitamin D,17 and a 2025 pooled analysis of four small trials found a rise in vitamin D with combined magnesium and vitamin D, but with very mixed results between trials.18
  • The calcium point comes from a 1973 study of one child with an inherited magnesium disorder and a 1992 review; it describes severe magnesium deficiency, not everyday low intake.7,8
  • The vertigo (BPPV) trial was in Korean adults with vitamin D under 20 ng/mL and combined vitamin D with calcium; more people dropped out of the supplement group.19
  • The Indian vitamin D figure comes from a review of many studies with different sizes and cut-offs, not one national survey.2 European approved claims describe what a nutrient does at adequate intakes; they are not claims to treat any illness.6
Questions

Magnesium and vitamin D, answered plainly.

Does vitamin D need magnesium?

Yes. Vitamin D is inactive until the liver and kidneys convert it, and the enzymes that do this appear to need magnesium. Magnesium also helps vitamin D bind its carrier protein in the blood and helps the vitamin D receptor work. With too little magnesium, the vitamin D you make or take may be used less well.

Why does vitamin D need magnesium?

Because every step of vitamin D’s journey, from travelling in the blood to being activated in the liver and kidneys and broken down when there is extra, depends on magnesium-dependent enzymes. A 2018 review concluded that people should get their recommended magnesium to get the full benefit of vitamin D.

Should I take magnesium with vitamin D?

It makes sense to make sure you get enough magnesium whenever you take vitamin D. Aim for India’s daily need of 440 mg (men) or 370 mg (women) from food and, if you fall short, a magnesium glycinate supplement. You don’t need to take them at the same moment.

Can magnesium and vitamin D be taken together?

Yes. They don’t compete for absorption, and many people take both at dinner. Vitamin D absorbs better with a meal that has some fat, and magnesium glycinate suits the evening, so dinner is an easy time for both.

When is the best time to take magnesium glycinate and vitamin D?

Take vitamin D with your main meal, because it is fat-soluble and absorbs better with food that contains some fat. Magnesium glycinate fits the evening. Many people take both at dinner, then the rest of their magnesium before bed.

Does magnesium help vitamin D absorption?

Magnesium works after absorption more than during it: it helps your body carry, activate and balance the vitamin D you already have. In a US trial, magnesium glycinate raised vitamin D in people whose levels were low, and in another, magnesium glycinate with vitamin D3 gave the largest rise of three groups.

Does magnesium raise vitamin D levels?

In people with low vitamin D, trials suggest it can. In a 12-week US trial of 180 adults, magnesium glycinate raised vitamin D in those starting near 30 ng/mL and lowered it in those starting higher, bringing levels towards the middle. A Spanish trial in women after menopause also found higher vitamin D with magnesium.

What happens if you take vitamin D without magnesium?

If your magnesium intake is good, vitamin D still works. If you are low in magnesium, your body may activate and use vitamin D less well. In severe magnesium deficiency, low calcium may not respond to vitamin D until magnesium is restored, which is a situation for a doctor.

Can vitamin D deplete magnesium?

This has not been proven in trials. Because magnesium is used in activating vitamin D, the Spanish trial’s authors note that magnesium is usually advised alongside vitamin D, in larger amounts. If you are on a high-dose vitamin D course, make sure you are also meeting your daily magnesium need.

How much magnesium should I take with vitamin D?

Aim for your full daily magnesium need, 440 mg for men and 370 mg for women by ICMR-NIN 2020, counting both food and supplements. There is no special extra amount for vitamin D; the point is simply not to fall short.

How much vitamin D should I take per day?

India’s ICMR-NIN 2020 daily need for adults is 600 IU (15 mcg). The US safe upper level is 4,000 IU a day. If a test shows you are deficient, your doctor may prescribe a higher course for a few weeks; follow that and retest.

Which magnesium is best to take with vitamin D?

Magnesium glycinate is a strong choice: both US trials on magnesium and vitamin D used it, and it is gentle on the stomach. Check the label shows the elemental magnesium per serving and that the glycinate is non-buffered, with magnesium at about 12–14% of the glycinate weight.

Can I take magnesium glycinate with a 60,000 IU vitamin D3 sachet?

Yes, there is no known interaction between them. Take the vitamin D3 sachet with a meal on the days your doctor has prescribed, and keep taking your daily magnesium glycinate in the evening. Don’t continue high-dose sachets beyond the prescribed course without a retest.

Do I also need vitamin K2 with magnesium and vitamin D?

Vitamin K2 is the third member of the bone team: vitamin D helps you absorb calcium, magnesium helps activate vitamin D, and vitamin K contributes to the maintenance of normal bones. Many people take D3 and K2 together with a meal. Read our vitamin D3 and K2 guide for the details.

Should I take calcium with magnesium and vitamin D?

Most people do best getting calcium from food, such as milk, curd, paneer, ragi and sesame, and making sure vitamin D and magnesium are in place so the body can use it. Take a calcium supplement only if your doctor advises it.

How long does magnesium take to improve vitamin D?

In the trials, changes in vitamin D showed up after 8 to 12 weeks of daily magnesium. Vitamin D itself is usually retested about three months after starting a supplement, so give both a few months before judging.

Is it safe to take magnesium and vitamin D every day?

For most healthy adults, yes, at doses close to daily needs. People with kidney disease should take magnesium only on medical advice, and vitamin D above 4,000 IU a day should be taken only on prescription. Space magnesium from thyroid medicine and certain antibiotics.

Which foods are rich in both magnesium and vitamin D?

Few foods give much of both. Oily fish such as mackerel (bangda) gives vitamin D and some magnesium. Otherwise build them separately: seeds, nuts, millets, dals and greens for magnesium, and sunlight, egg yolks, fortified foods and sun-exposed mushrooms for vitamin D.

Do magnesium and vitamin D help muscles?

Both contribute to normal muscle function, according to the European Union’s approved health claims, and vitamin D also contributes to normal blood calcium levels. Low levels of either are linked to muscle aches and weakness, so if you have these symptoms, ask your doctor to check your vitamin D.

When is the best time to take magnesium and vitamin D?

Take vitamin D with your biggest meal, since a little fat helps it absorb, and magnesium glycinate in the evening, with dinner or before bed. If you prefer one time, dinner works for both. Taking them every day matters more than the exact hour.

What are the 7 signs your body needs magnesium?

Loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting, tiredness, weakness, numbness or tingling, muscle cramps or twitching, and an irregular heartbeat. The US National Institutes of Health lists the first five as early signs. They have many possible causes, so see a doctor if they persist.

What are the first signs of low magnesium?

Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, tiredness and weakness are the early signs the US National Institutes of Health lists. As the shortfall gets worse, numbness, tingling, muscle cramps and an irregular heartbeat can follow, which need a doctor.

How do I tell if I have magnesium deficiency?

Ask your doctor. The common test is serum magnesium, but under 1% of your magnesium is in the blood, so a normal result does not always mean full stores. Doctors also look at your symptoms, your diet and medicines such as acid reducers and water pills, and may use urine or red-cell tests.

What organ is most affected by magnesium?

No single organ. Bones hold 50 to 60% of the body’s magnesium and most of the rest sits in muscles and other soft tissues. When magnesium runs low, the muscles, nerves and heart show it most: cramps, tingling and an irregular heartbeat.

What food is highest in magnesium?

Pumpkin seeds are among the richest foods anywhere, at about 156 mg in a 28 g handful. Chia seeds, sunflower seeds, til, flaxseed, almonds and cashews follow. Among Indian staples, rajgira, soya bean, urad dal, rajma and ragi are good everyday sources.

Which fruits are high in magnesium?

Dry dates (74 mg per 100 g) and bananas (35 mg) are among the better fruits, but fruits are modest sources overall. Nuts, seeds, dals and millets give far more.

What will happen if I take magnesium every day?

For most healthy adults, daily magnesium simply helps you meet India’s daily need of 440 mg (men) or 370 mg (women). Magnesium contributes to normal muscle function, energy-yielding metabolism and bones, and trials gave it daily for weeks. Too much from supplements can loosen stools; people with kidney disease should ask their doctor first.

What should you never mix with magnesium?

Do not take magnesium at the same time as thyroid tablets (keep about 4 hours apart), osteoporosis tablets (at least 2 hours) or tetracycline and quinolone antibiotics (2 hours before or 4 to 6 hours after). Take iron or high-dose zinc at another time, and count magnesium in antacids and laxatives.

Can I take vitamin D with verapamil?

Ask your doctor first. Drug-interaction checkers rate vitamin D with verapamil as a moderate interaction, because vitamin D raises blood calcium, which may make verapamil less effective at preventing chest pain. A normal daily dose is often fine with monitoring, but don’t start high-dose vitamin D or calcium without your doctor’s advice.

How much vitamin D for Bppv?

There is no set dose, so follow your doctor. In a Korean trial of people with BPPV (a common cause of spinning vertigo) whose vitamin D was under 20 ng/mL, 400 IU of vitamin D with 500 mg of calcium twice a day for a year cut recurrences by about 24%. People with normal vitamin D were not given supplements.
Sources

Studies behind this guide

  1. Uwitonze AM, Razzaque MS. Role of magnesium in vitamin D activation and function. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2018;118(3):181–189. DOI 10.7556/jaoa.2018.037
  2. Ritu G, Gupta A. Vitamin D deficiency in India: prevalence, causalities and interventions. Nutrients. 2014;6(2):729–775. PMID 24566435
  3. Dai Q, Zhu X, Manson JE, et al. Magnesium status and supplementation influence vitamin D status and metabolism: results from a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(6):1249–1258. PMID 30541089 — n=180; magnesium glycinate for 12 weeks (protocol NCT01105169).
  4. Cheung MM, Dall RD, Shewokis PA, et al. The effect of combined magnesium and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status, systemic inflammation, and blood pressure: a randomized double-blinded controlled trial. Nutrition. 2022;99–100:111674. DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111674
  5. Shahsavani Z, Asadi A, Shamshirgardi E, Akbarzadeh M. Vitamin D, magnesium and their interactions: a review. Int J Nutr Sci. 2021;6(3):113–118. DOI 10.30476/ijns.2021.91766.1144
  6. Commission Regulation (EU) No 432/2012: list of permitted health claims made on foods — vitamin D and magnesium entries.
  7. Suh SM, Tashjian AH Jr, Matsuo N, Parkinson DK, Fraser D. Pathogenesis of hypocalcemia in primary hypomagnesemia: normal end-organ responsiveness to parathyroid hormone, impaired parathyroid gland function. J Clin Invest. 1973;52(1):153–160. DOI 10.1172/JCI107159
  8. Paunier L. Effect of magnesium on phosphorus and calcium metabolism. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1992;140(9 Suppl 1):S17–20. PMID 1331782
  9. Vázquez-Lorente H, Herrera-Quintana L, Molina-López J, et al. Response of vitamin D after magnesium intervention in a postmenopausal population from the province of Granada, Spain. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2283. Registered NCT03672513.
  10. Deng X, Song Y, Manson JE, et al. Magnesium, vitamin D status and mortality: results from US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2006 and NHANES III. BMC Med. 2013;11:187. DOI 10.1186/1741-7015-11-187
  11. Sowah D, Fan X, Dennett L, Hagtvedt R, Straube S. Vitamin D levels and deficiency with different occupations: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2017;17:519. PMID 28637448 — 71 studies, 53,425 people.
  12. ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition. Nutrient Requirements for Indians: Recommended Dietary Allowances and Estimated Average Requirements, 2020. nin.res.in
  13. National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin D — Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (fat and absorption; upper level 4,000 IU for adults). ods.od.nih.gov
  14. National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Magnesium — Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (signs of deficiency; 50–60% in bone; assessment). ods.od.nih.gov
  15. Drugs.com. Drug interactions between ergocalciferol (vitamin D) and verapamil — moderate interaction. drugs.com
  16. Fiorentini D, Cappadone C, Farruggia G, Prata C. Magnesium: biochemistry, nutrition, detection, and social impact of diseases linked to its deficiency. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1136. DOI 10.3390/nu13041136
  17. Zittermann A, Zelzer S, Herrmann M, et al. Association between magnesium and vitamin D status in adults with high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Eur J Nutr. 2025;64:48. DOI 10.1007/s00394-024-03559-9
  18. Deng K, Liu J, Miao Y, et al. The effects of magnesium and vitamin D/E co-supplementation on inflammation markers and lipid metabolism of obese/overweight population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr. 2025;12:1563604. DOI 10.3389/fnut.2025.1563604
  19. Jeong SH, Kim JS, Kim HJ, et al. Prevention of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with vitamin D supplementation: a randomized trial. Neurology. 2020;95(9):e1117–e1125. PMID 32759193
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